![]() The aperture is a hole inside your lens created by several rotating blades. It acts like the “iris” in your eyes by opening and closing to allow more or less light, depending on light levels. The unit used to measure the aperture is called the f-stop (focal ratio or f-ratio or f-number). It’s the focal length divided by what’s called the “entrance pupil.” It’s not the aperture itself but where the aperture appears to be if you look through the front of the lens. Unfortunately, there isn’t a straightforward sequence of aperture values. The most common ones are f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, and f/22. The gap between each f-stop setting consists of one exposure value (EV). That means the light reaching the sensor doubles if the f-number falls. Most cameras let you change the aperture by a third of a stop. So you can imagine how complicated the numbers get! Aperture f/4. Wide-angle lenses tend to have larger maximum apertures because if you halve the focal length, the f-stop also halves. Lenses with a wide maximum aperture such as f/2.8 or lower are called “fast.” That’s a good thing if you’re shooting in low light or want to separate the subject from the background by minimizing the depth of field. But the sharpest f-stop for a given lens might be f/5.6 or f/8. On the other hand, longer lenses and zooms tend to have smaller maximum apertures, such as f/5.6 or higher. That’s not great if you’re a wildlife or sports photographer. The”fastest” telephoto lenses are so hard to make that they’re often costly. ![]() How to Set ApertureĪ narrow aperture, such as f/16, will keep almost everything in focus as it has a large depth of field. It’s most useful for landscape photographers, who might use a narrow aperture to show as much detail as possible in both the foreground and background. With f-numbers higher than f/22, you start to get diffraction effects. When that happens, the finer details won’t be sharp anymore. The shutter speed (or time value) is the amount of time your camera’s shutter stays open during an exposure. The longer it is, the more light enters the camera, and the brighter your image will be. And most modern DSLR cameras have settings of 30 seconds to around 1/8000 s.
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